This happened to one of our grad students in the research group.
She had these guppies that were even more aggressive about eating their young than most of that cannibalistic species. She decided that the latest batch of babies was gonna get a fair shake, and separated them out into a breeder tank right away. A while later, she (against her husband's advice) decided that the babies were too big to be eaten and put 'em back in the tank.
10 minutes later, all the younglings had been eaten.
5 days later, the last of the adults died from being crammed so full of "too big to be eaten" younglings.
There is now one fish left, the only non-guppy they had, and the fish tank is now the husband's responsibility. :)